Hot water heating. This is the name given to heating systems that use water as carrier heat between the generation system, commonly a boiler, and the emitters or terminal elements located in the premises to be heated. The hot water generated is transported through a network of pipes. The hot water heating system is undoubtedly the most widespread in heating installations. The increase in the application of air conditioning systems in all types of buildings, makes hot air heating systems more and more frequent.
Towards the end of the 18th century, James Watt, known for his steam engine, installed heating in his Manchester factory, with the steam left over from the industrial process. Many other similar installations, with greater or lesser success, are installed all over the world. They are the first heating installations with distribution through pipes.
In 1880, some Companies were distributing heating steam in various North American cities (district heating). In Europe, the first district heating was built in Dresden in 1900.
But steam is dangerous and involves too many complications to apply to domestic heating, so around 1895 the first boiler made up of loose elements appeared, built by the engineer Strebel.
These double-walled "stoves" can send hot water, taking advantage of the thermosiphon effect, to radiators distributed throughout the house. Thermosyphon installations require careful execution. With a thick and high outlet pipe a good motive differential pressure is obtained, but afterwards it is necessary to scrupulously maintain the slope of the fall towards the radiators and avoid air pockets in the route.
The introduction of the circulation pump, at the beginning of the 20th century, made it possible to considerably reduce the section of the pipes, facilitated the layout of the distribution and increased the performance of the facilities.
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