A beach is a geographical feature next to a body of water consisting of loose particles. The particles that make up a beach are usually made up of rock, such as sand, gravel, pebbles, mollusc shells or coralline algae. Sediments are deposited in different densities and structures, depending on local wave action and climate, creating different textures, colours and gradients or layers of material.
Although some beaches are formed on freshwater sites, most beaches are found in coastal areas where sediments are deposited and scoured by wave action or ocean currents. Coastal erosion and changing beach geologies occur through natural processes, such as wave action and extreme weather events.
Where wind conditions are suitable, beaches are often backed by coastal dunes that provide protection and regeneration for the beach. However, these natural forces have become more extreme due to climate change, permanently altering beaches at a very rapid rate.
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